因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly
2.对比转折关系
对比：while, whereas, on the other hand 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
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托福阅读长难句解析与理解是让很多同学头痛的一个备考环节，长难句理解在托福阅读中最重要也常见的应用就是句子插入题和句子简化题。想要完美攻克这两大类题型，解决长难句理解，我们需要明确托福阅读常见的四大逻辑关系：
1.因果关系
因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly
2.对比转折关系
对比：while, whereas, on the other hand 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
3.比较关系
A.同级比较：as…as
B.比较级：more…than, -er than, less…than
C.变化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
D.差异：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to
E.超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over
F.最高级
4. 否定关系