如"Some people believe that the charity organisations should give aid to those in greatest need, wherever they live. Some people believe that the charity organisations would better concentrate on helping people who live in own country instead. Discuss both views, and give your opinion."
官方对于"Task Achievement"的9分规定就指出"fully satisfies all the requirements of the task; clearly presents a fully developed response"(完全满足所有题目要求,清晰地给出充分的回应)。根据这一思路,满分路上的一大拦路虎就是审题,理解片面导致扣分。
① 不理解题目意思以下面这道真题为例"Today there is a great increase in anti-social behaviour and lack of respect to others. What are the causes of this? What measures can be taken to reduce this problem?" 许多考生反映题目难以理解,这主要是源于对"anti-social behaviour"的定义不清,于是把重点放在了后半句"lack of respect to others"上,有人大书特书当今年轻人不尊重老年人,有人着重描写偷盗等极端犯罪行为,将原因归结为贫穷缺钱。尽管两者之间存在一定联系,但绝对不能将其片面地理解为诸如“谩骂他人,不给老年人让座”的狭隘例子。"Anti-social behaviour is behaviour that lacks consideration for others and that may cause damage to society, whether intentionally or through negligence, as opposed to pro-social behaviour, behaviour that helps or benefits society (Berger 2003, p. 302)." 这是在维基百科里给出的解释,包括校园暴力、公众场合醉酒、破坏公物等都在此范围内,以偏概全,再去分析产生的原因和解决方式,就很难达到对题目充分回应的要求。针对该点,建议考生应在备考时加强对雅思题目涉及范围的了解,平时对社会热点问题加以关注并熟悉其英语词汇,以免偏离主题。
② 从题目个别字眼出发再来看一道真题"Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world. The ordinary people can get no advantage with the development of air travel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?" 许多考生看到了飞机旅行的字眼就匆忙下笔,大书特书飞机旅行的利弊如耗费能源、造成污染等。殊不知本题讨论的是飞机旅行给富人和一般人带来的好处。等写完定睛一看,悔之晚矣。
① 片面理解指令个别字眼Many people think it is very important to protect environment but they make no effort to do it themselves. Why does it happen? How to solve this problem? 有些考生只注意到"why"和题目背景中的环保场景,没有将背景和指令结合起来理解,结果仅仅说明了人们保护环境的原因而忽视了题目的要求“人们明知环保重要却不为之的原因”。我认为,就几十个字的题目来说,考生宁可多花上一点时间认真理解题意,只有主题立意准确,才谈得上词汇、句式和整体连贯性的得分。
② 没有认真把握指令之间的联系Many people are optimistic about the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with their optimism? What changes would you like to see in the new century?
首先,我们来整理一下雅思议论文审题的思路,一般雅思议论文的题目都由两部分组成:“背景 + 指令”,前者决定了文章所写的内容,后者决定了论文的文体。
如"Some people believe that the charity organisations should give aid to those in greatest need, wherever they live. Some people believe that the charity organisations would better concentrate on helping people who live in own country instead. Discuss both views, and give your opinion."
背景涉及的是慈善援助问题,讨论是应该不顾地域限制,援助最需要救助的人?还是优先帮助本国人?指令则要求写一篇辩论型的文章。只有对题目的两个要求都作出准确的回应,在内容和文体上完美的结合,才能取得理想的分数。
官方对于"Task Achievement"的9分规定就指出"fully satisfies all the requirements of the task; clearly presents a fully developed response"(完全满足所有题目要求,清晰地给出充分的回应)。根据这一思路,满分路上的一大拦路虎就是审题,理解片面导致扣分。
我们可以将其分成两种类型:1、片面理解文章背景内容导致偏题一些考生在不理解题意的时候最喜欢抓住题目的某几个字眼着力说明和描述,忽视了题目的整体立意,导致偏题。
① 不理解题目意思以下面这道真题为例"Today there is a great increase in anti-social behaviour and lack of respect to others. What are the causes of this? What measures can be taken to reduce this problem?" 许多考生反映题目难以理解,这主要是源于对"anti-social behaviour"的定义不清,于是把重点放在了后半句"lack of respect to others"上,有人大书特书当今年轻人不尊重老年人,有人着重描写偷盗等极端犯罪行为,将原因归结为贫穷缺钱。尽管两者之间存在一定联系,但绝对不能将其片面地理解为诸如“谩骂他人,不给老年人让座”的狭隘例子。"Anti-social behaviour is behaviour that lacks consideration for others and that may cause damage to society, whether intentionally or through negligence, as opposed to pro-social behaviour, behaviour that helps or benefits society (Berger 2003, p. 302)." 这是在维基百科里给出的解释,包括校园暴力、公众场合醉酒、破坏公物等都在此范围内,以偏概全,再去分析产生的原因和解决方式,就很难达到对题目充分回应的要求。针对该点,建议考生应在备考时加强对雅思题目涉及范围的了解,平时对社会热点问题加以关注并熟悉其英语词汇,以免偏离主题。
② 从题目个别字眼出发再来看一道真题"Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world. The ordinary people can get no advantage with the development of air travel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?" 许多考生看到了飞机旅行的字眼就匆忙下笔,大书特书飞机旅行的利弊如耗费能源、造成污染等。殊不知本题讨论的是飞机旅行给富人和一般人带来的好处。等写完定睛一看,悔之晚矣。
针对这类“性急”的考生的建议是,“三思而后行”,认真体会题目的意思。背景理解的片面常源于考生性急的心理或是对某些词汇句式无法很好的把握。要避免此类问题的发生,建议平时要加强对写作真题题目的审题练习并对常见热点问题词汇加以记忆。2、片面理解指令要求导致偏题题目的指令常常隐含着出题者对文章的期待和要求,考生应该认真琢磨,以免偏题。
① 片面理解指令个别字眼Many people think it is very important to protect environment but they make no effort to do it themselves. Why does it happen? How to solve this problem? 有些考生只注意到"why"和题目背景中的环保场景,没有将背景和指令结合起来理解,结果仅仅说明了人们保护环境的原因而忽视了题目的要求“人们明知环保重要却不为之的原因”。我认为,就几十个字的题目来说,考生宁可多花上一点时间认真理解题意,只有主题立意准确,才谈得上词汇、句式和整体连贯性的得分。
② 没有认真把握指令之间的联系Many people are optimistic about the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with their optimism? What changes would you like to see in the new century?
该题有两个指令,分别是“是否同意题目的乐观态度”及“你希望在新世纪看到哪些改变?”乍看之下,考生可以同意背景中的态度,对一些积极的变化加以评述,但第二个指令其实隐含着出题人对正反两面都进行分析的要求,否则就显得多余。因此,双边或者让步的文章结构会更适合该题。指令理解的片面性常常源于考生的过度自信,看了个大概就匆匆下笔。