第一句:主题句 主题句(Topic Sentence)就像是一个主体段的眼睛,考官会根据这双眼睛来了解这一段大意,判断该段落甚至整篇文章有没有偏题甚至跑题。一个切题的主题句,要求在主题句中一定要包含题干关键词,并明确回答题目问号。比如: Doctorssaid in many countries there are not enough physical exercise. What has causedthat problem? What should be done for that?
首先,该句子中的keywords(关键词)并不难找,即:“notenough physical exercise”。然后,题目问题是“causes”,所以此时就需要大家头脑风暴,考虑一下现在生活中人们锻炼不足的原因: A. “花大量时间坐在电脑前看书、打游戏,替代了运动”; B. “工作忙、学习忙、没时间锻炼”; C. “公共场所健身设施缺乏,没有合适场所锻炼”;…… 比如写A原因:“花大量时间坐在电脑前看书、打游戏”: Technology has changed the ways we spend leisuretime, and we have engaged in a variety of online activities,rather than exercise regularly. 很明显,“rather than exercise regularly”是题干关键词,而“engaged in a variety of online activities”则是明确而直接地回答了“causes”。
第二种:如果题目问“影响”,或者“优缺点”,则需要在“解释”部分阐释一下“关键词”是如何实现该“影响”的。比如上述题目中A段落的主题句:“Technology has changed the ways we spend leisuretime, and we have engaged in a variety of online activities, rather than exerciseregularly”, 此时考生需要解释一下该语境中的“原因”——“engaged in a variety of online activities”。那么,可能是因为:“电脑和游戏比较容易上瘾”、“体力运动比较累,需要人们自律,人们坚持不了”。
第三句:举例 在“理证”之后,为了加强论证效果,此时“例证”就需要出场了。然而“举例”这种论证手段并不像考生想象中的那么困难,因为不一定要举一件事情或者一个报道,你完全可以选择另外两种:“名词解释”、“方式”。 所谓“名词解释”,就是将“被例证”的名词、或者名词性短语视作“上义词”,然后找出其“下义词”作为例子,比如: 上义词:electronic products(电子产品) 下义词:computers, mobile phones,and TVs 所谓“方式”,是指用例子解释思维过渡,比如: 例证:The employees would be providedwith higher salary, which makes them find enjoyment in daily lives. 例证:… with the high pay, workingpeople could choose to raise a family, buy a house, or travel abroad.
第四句:对比 “对比”,即“反证”,通过说其对立面的不好来从反面论证论点的合理性。该论证手段同样可达到加强论证的奇效。比如题目: Some people prefer the same job for the same company,but others like to change jobs frequently. Discuss the both sides and give your own opinion. 分论点: Those people who prefer to work for the same company believe thatthey can live a happy life if they have a stable career. (工作稳定——>生活幸福) 对比: In contrast, those who change jobs frequentlymay not get a good salary because companies may have doubts over their loyalty. (工作不稳定——>忠诚度受到怀疑——>收入低) 当然,并不是一定要按照这样的布局来完成主体段,但先摆出主题句,让考官对文章的支撑理由一目了然,紧接着解释主题句,理证与例证结合的方式无疑加强了分论点的说服力,最后用对比收尾,加强论证效果。
第一句:主题句 第二句:背景/解释 第三句:举例 第四句:对比
接下来,我们分别看一下这四句话具体是怎么写的。
第一句:主题句 主题句(Topic Sentence)就像是一个主体段的眼睛,考官会根据这双眼睛来了解这一段大意,判断该段落甚至整篇文章有没有偏题甚至跑题。一个切题的主题句,要求在主题句中一定要包含题干关键词,并明确回答题目问号。比如: Doctorssaid in many countries there are not enough physical exercise. What has causedthat problem? What should be done for that?
首先,该句子中的keywords(关键词)并不难找,即:“notenough physical exercise”。然后,题目问题是“causes”,所以此时就需要大家头脑风暴,考虑一下现在生活中人们锻炼不足的原因: A. “花大量时间坐在电脑前看书、打游戏,替代了运动”; B. “工作忙、学习忙、没时间锻炼”; C. “公共场所健身设施缺乏,没有合适场所锻炼”;…… 比如写A原因:“花大量时间坐在电脑前看书、打游戏”: Technology has changed the ways we spend leisuretime, and we have engaged in a variety of online activities,rather than exercise regularly. 很明显,“rather than exercise regularly”是题干关键词,而“engaged in a variety of online activities”则是明确而直接地回答了“causes”。
第二句:背景/解释 所谓“解释”,就是解释TopicSentence(主题句),毕竟主题句需要概括大意,因此是一句概括性比较强的句子。所以解释可以分为两种情况:
第一种:如果题目问“原因”,则需要在“解释”部分解释一下“原因”,即写出“原因”的背景。
第二种:如果题目问“影响”,或者“优缺点”,则需要在“解释”部分阐释一下“关键词”是如何实现该“影响”的。比如上述题目中A段落的主题句:“Technology has changed the ways we spend leisuretime, and we have engaged in a variety of online activities, rather than exerciseregularly”, 此时考生需要解释一下该语境中的“原因”——“engaged in a variety of online activities”。那么,可能是因为:“电脑和游戏比较容易上瘾”、“体力运动比较累,需要人们自律,人们坚持不了”。
第三句:举例 在“理证”之后,为了加强论证效果,此时“例证”就需要出场了。然而“举例”这种论证手段并不像考生想象中的那么困难,因为不一定要举一件事情或者一个报道,你完全可以选择另外两种:“名词解释”、“方式”。 所谓“名词解释”,就是将“被例证”的名词、或者名词性短语视作“上义词”,然后找出其“下义词”作为例子,比如: 上义词:electronic products(电子产品) 下义词:computers, mobile phones,and TVs 所谓“方式”,是指用例子解释思维过渡,比如: 例证:The employees would be providedwith higher salary, which makes them find enjoyment in daily lives. 例证:… with the high pay, workingpeople could choose to raise a family, buy a house, or travel abroad.
第四句:对比 “对比”,即“反证”,通过说其对立面的不好来从反面论证论点的合理性。该论证手段同样可达到加强论证的奇效。比如题目: Some people prefer the same job for the same company,but others like to change jobs frequently. Discuss the both sides and give your own opinion. 分论点: Those people who prefer to work for the same company believe thatthey can live a happy life if they have a stable career. (工作稳定——>生活幸福) 对比: In contrast, those who change jobs frequentlymay not get a good salary because companies may have doubts over their loyalty. (工作不稳定——>忠诚度受到怀疑——>收入低) 当然,并不是一定要按照这样的布局来完成主体段,但先摆出主题句,让考官对文章的支撑理由一目了然,紧接着解释主题句,理证与例证结合的方式无疑加强了分论点的说服力,最后用对比收尾,加强论证效果。