Researchers at China Academy of Social Sciences conducted a survey in 10 key high schools in Shanghai. They drafted a list of questions centering on motives to study hard at school and asked the students to fill out the questionnaire. Among the 2,000 students who wrote out their answers, over half of them mentioned the desire to gain high grades in the National College Entrance Examination.
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简单来说就是具体化，我们在日常学习中也会发现，越是抽象的东西越让人感觉虚无缥缈，越不像是真实可触的，想要让数字类论证真实有力，我们需要在具体数据阐述中使一切表达更形象、生动、具体。看下面这个例子：
Grades encourage students to learn
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Researchers at China Academy of Social Sciences conducted a survey in 10 key high schools in Shanghai. They drafted a list of questions centering on motives to study hard at school and asked the students to fill out the questionnaire. Among the 2,000 students who wrote out their answers, over half of them mentioned the desire to gain high grades in the National College Entrance Examination.